When designing specific power input and output, it is essential to know the difference between inverter, converter, transformer and rectifier.
inverter
Inverter is to change DC current into AC current. In theory, this is easy because a simple switch and some creative wiring can give you an alternating square wave that works at the frequency you flip the switch.
But in fact, square wave is very harmful to almost all modern electronic devices that rely on AC power supply. So the real question is: how do you convert AC power into usable electrical energy? The answer is that you can filter sine waves with precisely selected inductors and capacitors to produce sine waves, or at least something close to sine waves.
Generally, the inverter will also have the characteristics of transformer. This allows the AC voltage output to actually be different from the DC voltage in, depending on the number of coils on the primary and secondary windings.
There are two common types of inverters:
Pure sine wave inverter (PSW) - the output of pure sine wave inverter, guess it, a pure sine wave. It is difficult to achieve a perfect sine wave as the output, and the design to do so can be very complex.
Improved sine wave inverters (MSW) - they can use thyristors, diodes and other passive devices that generate rounded square waves, and they are actually very close to outputting pure sine waves. Generally, MSWs can be used for high-power electromechanical equipment.
converter:
The converter converts alternating current into direct current. But the word "converter" is very common, and you may often see it misused. For example, if someone says "DC to AC converter", it is logical, even if the correct term is "DC to AC inverter". The same can be said to be "DC to DC converter". AC / DC converters are also often referred to as power supplies.
Rectifier:
Half wave rectifiers - they are usually used only in low-power applications because their signals are not very uniform in nature. Because half of the AC signal is lost, the output amplitude is about 45% of the input amplitude, which means that the power is seriously wasted during the negative half cycle of the input. Even when a large capacitor is placed on the load, there is still excessive ripple in the falling cycle of AC input.
Full wave rectifier - design engineers use full wave rectifier to overcome this signal loss and get a cleaner signal. They capture the positive and negative cycles of AC sources and are used in applications that require a stable and smooth DC voltage source.
You usually see a full wave rectifier circuit designed in one of two ways: first, use a multi winding transformer to generate a pure positive signal, and then smooth the load on the capacitor. The second is called full wave bridge rectifier, which is effectively the same as transformer full wave rectifier, but it is a smaller configuration because there is no transformer. Both options are basically the same strategy as the half wave rectifier, except that there is twice the AC input frequency and the input almost never reaches zero.
transformer:
Low voltage DC is converted into high-frequency high-voltage AC, which is converted into high-voltage DC through rectification and filtering, and then converted into low-frequency mains power,
Because the transformer is needed to convert low voltage to high voltage. If the transformer wants to be small, it needs to be converted with high frequency.
